Aim:
To identify the type of computer network topology used in the institution and prepare detailed notes on its structure, working, and advantages.Objective:
- To study the physical and logical layout of the computer network used in the institution.
- To understand different types of topologies such as Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, and Hybrid.
- To analyze how computers and devices are interconnected in the campus network.
- To develop the ability to diagrammatically represent the institution’s topology.
Apparatus / Requirements:
- Access to computer laboratory and networking area.
- Network cables (UTP, STP, Fiber)
- Switches / Hubs / Routers
- Network diagram drawing tools (MS Visio, Draw.io, or by hand)
- Institutional floor plan (optional)
Theory:
A network topology refers to the arrangement of computers, cables, and networking devices within a network. It defines how the nodes (computers, printers, switches, routers, etc.) are interconnected and communicate with each other.
Types of Network Topologies:
| Type | Description | Example Use |
|---|---|---|
| Bus Topology | All computers share a single communication line (backbone). Data travels in both directions. | Small temporary networks |
| Star Topology | All devices are connected to a central device (hub/switch). If one link fails, others remain unaffected. | Common in LANs and labs |
| Ring Topology | Each device connects to two others forming a ring. Data passes in one direction. | Token Ring LANs |
| Mesh Topology | Each node is connected to every other node. Offers high redundancy and reliability. | WAN / Backbone networks |
| Hybrid Topology | Combination of two or more topologies (e.g., Star-Bus, Star-Ring). |
Procedure:
- Visit your institution’s computer laboratory or server room.
- Observe how the computers and switches are interconnected.
- Identify the central device — hub, switch, or router.
- Trace the connection lines and note whether each computer is connected directly or through other devices.
- Sketch the network layout in your record.
- Identify whether it resembles a Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, or Hybrid topology.
Prepare notes explaining:
- The type of topology used.
- Number of nodes and devices.
- Advantages and limitations in your setup.
Observation Table:
| Location | No. of Computers | Network Device Used | Connection Type | Identified Topology |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Lab 1 | 40 | 2 Switches (24-port) | Ethernet (CAT-6) | Star |
| Administrative Block | 20 | 1 Router + Switch | Ethernet | Star |
| Overall Campus | Multiple labs connected via main server | Router Backbone | Hybrid (Star-Bus) |
Result:
After observation, it was found that the network topology of the institution is Hybrid, primarily consisting of Star Topology within each lab connected by a Bus/Backbone network between departments.
