ANU UG 2ND SEMESTER REGULAR AND SUPPLY EXAMS APRIL 2025 REVALUATION RESULTS

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ANU UG 2ND SEMESTER REGULAR AND SUPPLY EXAMS APRIL 2025 REVALUATION RESULTS

ANU UG 1st Sem Computer Fundamentals Lab Experiment 2 — Network Topoloy

 Aim:

To identify the type of computer network topology used in the institution and prepare detailed notes on its structure, working, and advantages.

Objective:

• To study the physical and logical layout of the computer network used in the institution.
• To understand different types of topologies such as Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, and Hybrid.
• To analyze how computers and devices are interconnected in the campus network.
• To develop the ability to diagrammatically represent the institution’s topology.

Apparatus / Requirements:

• Access to computer laboratory and networking area.
• Network cables (UTP, STP, Fiber)
• Switches / Hubs / Routers
• Network diagram drawing tools (MS Visio, Draw.io, or by hand)
• Institutional floor plan (optional)

Theory:

A network topology refers to the arrangement of computers, cables, and networking devices within a network. It defines how the nodes (computers, printers, switches, routers, etc.) are interconnected and communicate with each other.

Types of Network Topologies:

Type	Description	Example Use
Bus Topology	All computers share a single communication line (backbone). Data travels in both directions.	Small temporary networks
Star Topology	All devices are connected to a central device (hub/switch). If one link fails, others remain unaffected.	Common in LANs and labs
Ring Topology	Each device connects to two others forming a ring. Data passes in one direction.	Token Ring LANs
Mesh Topology	Each node is connected to every other node. Offers high redundancy and reliability.	WAN / Backbone networks
Hybrid Topology	Combination of two or more topologies (e.g., Star-Bus, Star-Ring).

Procedure:

1. Visit your institution’s computer laboratory or server room.
2. Observe how the computers and switches are interconnected.
3. Identify the central device — hub, switch, or router.
4. Trace the connection lines and note whether each computer is connected directly or through other devices.
5. Sketch the network layout in your record.
6. Identify whether it resembles a Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, or Hybrid topology.

7. Prepare notes explaining:

• The type of topology used.
• Number of nodes and devices.
• Advantages and limitations in your setup.

Observation Table:

Location	No. of Computers	Network Device Used	Connection Type	Identified Topology
Computer Lab 1	40	2 Switches (24-port)	Ethernet (CAT-6)	Star
Administrative Block	20	1 Router + Switch	Ethernet	Star
Overall Campus	Multiple labs connected via main server	Router Backbone	Hybrid (Star-Bus)

Result:

After observation, it was found that the network topology of the institution is Hybrid, primarily consisting of Star Topology within each lab connected by a Bus/Backbone network between departments.

ANU UG 1st Sem Computer Fundamentals Lab Experiment 1 — Assembling & Disassembling of Computer System

 Aim:

To study, identify, assemble, and disassemble the various hardware components of a computer system.

Objective:

• To familiarize with the internal and external parts of a computer.
• To understand the role and interconnections of each component.
• To learn how to properly assemble and disassemble a desktop computer.
• To practice safety measures while handling hardware components.

Apparatus / Requirements:

• System Unit (CPU Cabinet)
• Motherboard
• Processor (CPU)
• RAM Modules
• Hard Disk / SSD
• SMPS (Power Supply)
• Optical Drive (if available)
• Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse
• Screwdriver Set, Anti-static Wrist Strap, Cleaning Brush
• Connecting Cables (SATA / Power Cables)

Theory:

A computer system consists of input, output, storage, and processing units.

• Assembling involves integrating all internal hardware components such as motherboard, CPU, RAM, storage drives, and power supply into the cabinet and connecting external peripherals.
• Disassembling is the reverse process, performed carefully to avoid damage.Proper handling ensures the computer’s performance, longevity, and maintenance safety.Understanding each component’s location, function, and connection is vital for troubleshooting and hardware upgrading.

Procedure:

A. Disassembling Steps:

1. Power off the computer and unplug all cables.
2. Remove the cabinet side panels using a screwdriver.
3. Disconnect all internal power and data cables.
4. Carefully remove the hard disk, RAM, SMPS, and CPU fan.
5. Unscrew the motherboard from the base plate.
6. Arrange all components systematically and label them.

B. Assembling Steps:

1. Fix the motherboard into the CPU cabinet using screws and spacers.
2. Insert the processor into the CPU socket and lock it properly.
3. Apply thermal paste and mount the CPU fan.
4. Insert RAM into the memory slots carefully.
5. Connect the power supply (SMPS) and plug in 24-pin and 4-pin connectors to the motherboard.
6. Mount storage devices (HDD/SSD) and connect SATA power and data cables.
7. Connect front-panel connectors (Power SW, Reset, LED indicators).
8. Close the cabinet panels, reconnect peripherals (monitor, keyboard, mouse).
9. Power ON the system and check if POST (Power-On Self-Test) completes successfully.

Precautions:

• Always switch off the power and remove cables before handling components.
• Use an anti-static wrist strap to avoid electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Handle components by edges; never touch circuitry.
• Maintain proper grounding and avoid metallic contact.
• Organize screws and small parts to prevent misplacement.

Observation Table:

Component Name	Type / Capacity	Slot / Port	Status (Working / Faulty)
Motherboard	ATX / Micro ATX	Cabinet	Working
Processor	Intel Core / AMD	CPU Socket	Working
RAM	8 GB DDR4	DIMM Slot	Working
Hard Disk	500 GB HDD	SATA Port	Working
SMPS	450 W	Cabinet	Working

Result:

Successfully demonstrated the assembling and disassembling of a computer system. Identified and described the function of each hardware component.

Viva Questions:

1. What are the main components inside a system unit?
2. Why is an anti-static wrist strap important?
3. What is the function of the SMPS?
4. Define POST in a computer.
5. What are the differences between HDD and SSD?